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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 27, 2017- Congressman John Lewis (1940-present) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - Febraury 25, 2017- The Rise of Modern Voter Suppression: Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. __ (2013). #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 22, 2017- The Voting Rights Act of 1965 #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 20, 2017- Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory2017/fannielouhamer</loc>
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    <lastmod>2017-02-19</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 19, 2017- Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory2017/thechildrenscrusade</loc>
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    <lastmod>2017-02-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 18, 2017- The Children's Crusade (May 2, 1963-May 5, 1963)  #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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    <lastmod>2017-02-16</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 16, 2017- Mary Eliza Church Terrell (1863-1954) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 15, 2017- Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Picture Credits: Library of Congress (top left) and The Washington Post (bottom two).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 14, 2017- George H. White (1852-1918) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 12, 2017- The Fifteenth Amendment (1870)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Picture Credits: Library of Congress</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 11, 2017-  The Reconstruction Congress of 1867 #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
      <image:caption>Picture Description from CK12.org: "Freedmen Voting in New Orleans" 1867 engraving showing African Americans who were enslaved but a couple years earlier participating in election.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 10, 2017- Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February, 9 2017- Mary Ann Shadd Cary (1823-1893) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 7, 2017-  Frederick Douglas (1818-1895) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 6, 2017-  Robert Purvis (1810-1898) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>Black History Month Celebration 2017 - February 2, 2017- Prince Hall (1735-1807) #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor Prince Hall of Boston, who was not only a registered voter of his day, but a staunch abolitionist and civil rights activist who used the power of petitions to effectively petition the government to gain rights for Blacks. This article exemplified the complexities of the fight for Black suffrage during a colonial era built on the immoral institution of slavery.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 28 - The Transformative Justice Coalition</image:title>
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      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 27 - The Reverend Jesse Jackson, Sr. (1941-present)</image:title>
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      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 26 - Congressman Marc Veasey (1971-present)</image:title>
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      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 25 - Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm</image:title>
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      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 24 - The Rise of Modern Voter Suppression</image:title>
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    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1596017757426-WJ8DDJ2DGKTSDE5T030S/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 23 - Paul Cuffe Sr. (1759-1817)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor Paul Cuffe Sr, who, by way of petitions, civil disobedience, and working within the system, helped pave the way for Black (and Native American) men in Massachusetts to be able to vote.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/17/votingrightsact</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582738304210-5BULG29OBRTM6VEI5RYY/VRA.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 22 - The Voting Rights Act of 1965</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/17/ameliarobinson</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582737861132-T9A4BEPXIV8XEHVK8BMV/Amelia.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 21 - Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson (1911-2015)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/mlk</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1596012568242-GTMJYHIVH5URQ2V15QDS/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 20 - Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/fannie-lou-hamer</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582737590647-N3E0OC250JR4MZK8Z7TS/Fannie+Lou+Hamer.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 19 - Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/mississippi-freedom-drive</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582737265000-F5E07WBDINBROY63K3W9/Mississippi+Freedom+Summer+2020.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 18 - Mississippi Freedom Summer (June 1964)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/17/ellabaker-3dd9s</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582736741125-Q0RZBQYS67YQ42UG6LZ3/The+Children%27s+Crusade.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 17 - The Children’s Crusade (May 2-5 1963)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2017/2/3/the-early-fight-for-black-suffrage-1723-1735</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1596011941075-SL1WYNTNVEDOZDGJPP3M/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 16 - The Early Fight For Black Suffrage (1723- 1735)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor an early fight for Black suffrage. In 1723-1724, Richard West, who was Legal Counsel for the Board of Trade, questioned the Virginia General Assembly as to why they took away voting rights from freed Black men.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/17/ellabaker</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582732604126-TH6CG7I1BU1SRWPXKCXO/Ella+Baker.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 15 - Ella Baker (1938-1953)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/georgewhite</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1581667535505-GXKWEL8BTYRNYPSEL0MK/George+H.+White.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 14 - George H. White (1852-1918)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor George H. White, who was a lawyer and a Republican African American Congressman from North Carolina’s Second Congressional District (1899-1901). "Facing overwhelming odds in the wake of the further disfranchisement of North Carolina blacks, he declined to run for re-election in 1900." White was part of the 56th Congress of the United States and was the last African American member of Congress since Reconstruction, and there wouldn't be another African American Congressperson until 28 years later in 1928. White would also be the last African American Congressman "elected from North Carolina until the 1990s". White represents the last of the 22 African American men who, since 1870, "had served reconstructed southern states in Congress." While he was last; he certainly was not least, and there is no better way to celebrate Valentine's Day than to lift up and honor a man who so earnestly loved the law, his country, and his race.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2017/2/13/february-13-2017-the-final-attempt-the-federal-elections-bill-1890</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-30</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1487006003065-HVWBWKJAERPVB9LW7I5D/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 13 - The Final Attempt: The Federal Elections Bill (1890)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/17/1895womensconvention-4ngdb</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582732309853-JGKQJ5WIPC9XT8JM0FKL/Bethune.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 13 - Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/17/1895womensconvention</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582729191750-YZAGQYKJ19GII81HWLAC/The+First+National+Conference+of+the+Colored+Women+of+America.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 12 - The First National Conference of the Colored Women of America (1895)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/15thamendment</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582584289622-ULXFG9YRB6ETOCKAPVZH/15th+Amendment+2020.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 11 - The Fifteenth Amendment (1870)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/frederickdouglass</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1582565955045-XAIF03VSMKM3V4T2NBHP/Frederick+Douglass+2020.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 10 - Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/14/february-9-2020-robert-purvis-1810-1898-amp-harriet-forten-purvis-1810-1875-vrablackhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1581668895453-YLB4GOZQGR4N8W1MIPOG/Pruvis-Forten.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 9 - Robert Purvis (1810-1898) &amp;amp; Harriet Forten-Purvis (1810-1875)</image:title>
      <image:caption>On February 9th, we honored both Robert Purvis, and his wife, Harriet Forten-Purvis. See their individual sections below to find out why! Today we honor Robert Purvis, a Black man who lost his voting rights in the early 1800’s in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On March 14, 1838, Purvis submitted a petition to fight for his and 40,000 other Black Philadelphians' voting rights in response to a new state constitutional amendment that restricted suffrage to only White men. Today we also honor Harriet Forten-Purvis, Robert's wife. Harriet was one of the founding members of the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society; lectured on civil rights; became one of the lead organizers of the fifth annual National Woman’s Rights Convention; and, publicly advocated for voting rights for African Americans and women. Harriet's parents, sisters, daughter, and grandchildren were also active in fighting for civil rights and the vote, as well as nieces of the Purvis and Forten families.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/blacksolidersinthecivilwar</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-30</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1486767706015-0PKZ2FRK8ED9X58ZKSDZ/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 8 - Black Soldiers in the Civil War (1861-1865)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/princehall</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1581590666613-J96JOSXWOV3BS76HO1DZ/Prince+Hall.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 8 - Prince Hall (1735-1807)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor Prince Hall of Boston, who was not only a registered voter of his day, but a staunch abolitionist and civil rights activist who used the power of petitions to effectively petition the government to gain rights for Blacks. This article exemplified the complexities of the fight for Black suffrage during a colonial era built on the immoral institution of slavery.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/annajuliacooper</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1581048440616-QNGSU8B3YJS5I8K5BAUZ/Anna+Julia+Cooper.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 7 - Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor Anna Julia Cooper, who was an American educator, writer, and scholar remembered for her pioneering crusade for the upliftment of African-American women.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/6/february-6-2020-mary-eliza-church-terrell-1863-1954-vrablackhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1581047348386-4NO2BBG9LZCZB04J4XRV/Mary+Church+Terrell+.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 6 - Mary Eliza Church Terrell (1863-1954)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/lucretiamott</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-30</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1486292222264-GD782FZRJI7VQSJXYNFD/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 5 - Lucretia Mott (1793-1880)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/14/february-5-2020-maggie-lena-walker-1864-1934-vrablackhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1581667876561-QWITQIYLWY5BOI67DSYJ/Maggie+Walker.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 5 - Maggie Lena Walker (1864 – 1934)</image:title>
      <image:caption>On February 5th, we honored Maggie Lena Walker. Maggie organized pre-registration meetings in in 1920 in Richmond, Virginia after the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Those meetings led to a huge voter registration drive for African American women and resulted in the highest rate of African American women registered to vote in Richmond that year. Not only did Maggie lead this voter registration movement, fighting against discrimination and racism in the voter registration process for Black women. In 1921, Maggie became the first and only African American woman to run on a gubernatorial ticket in Richmond. While Maggie is best remembered for founding the Saint Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia, she also founded or was an active member of organizations which supported women’s suffrage.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/annaaclemons</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1580866007331-M8ELCEUG7EIA8K5YZ33A/Anna+A.+Clemons.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 4 - Anna A. Clemons (1920)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Picture Credit: Library of Congress (Left)</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/idabwells</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1580711483584-TCX9DIKR47F583UG5WLZ/Ida+B.+Wells-Barnett+2020.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 3 - Ida B. Wells-Barnett&amp;nbsp;(1862-1931)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Picture Credits: Library of Congress</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/2/february-2-2020-mary-ann-shadd-cary-1823-1893-vrablackhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1580694738490-FZXN2G20UYO4PNSPGC3D/Mary+Ann+Shadd+Cary+2020.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 2 - Mary Ann Shadd Cary (1823-1893)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor Mary Ann Shadd Cary, who was an African-American teacher, journalist, lawyer, and suffragist.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/2020/2/1/sojourner-truth-1797-1883-vrablackhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1580548984184-5T1X2OK7XO1EKD5GIKJJ/Sojourner+pic+2020.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 #VRABlackHistory - February 1 - Sojourner Truth (1797-1883)</image:title>
      <image:caption>Today we honor Sojourner Truth, who was not only “one of the first African American women to win a lawsuit in the United States”, but was also a powerful advocate of the suffrage movement for Black and all women.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Votinig+Rights+Act</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Harriet+Forten-Purvis</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Black+History+Month</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Maggie+Lena+Walker</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Congress+of+1867</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Forten</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Amelia+Platts+Boynton+Robinson</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/BlackHistoryMonth</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/The+Fifteenth+Amendments</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Henry+Cabot+Lodge</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Reconstruction+Congress</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Constitution</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Marc+Veasey</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/The+Transformative+Justice+Coaliton+and+what+you+can+do+to+advance+voting+rights</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Civil+Rights+Movement</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Harriet+Purvis</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Southern+Christian+Leadership+Conference</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Black+Soldiers+in+the+Civil+War</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Richard+West</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2020vrablackhistory/tag/Mary+Ann+Shadd+Cary</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
  </url>
  <url>
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      <image:caption>JUNE 23 VOTING RIGHTS PRESS CONFERENCE; REP. VEASEY, (D-TEXAS), REP. SEWELL, (D- ALABAMA) REV. JESSE JACKSON, RAINBOW -- PUSH, REV. LENNOX YEARWOOD, HIP HOP CAUCUS, BARBARA ARNWINE, CHAIR OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ALLIANCE, TERRY O'NEILL, NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN AND REP. CHARLES RANGEL (D-NEW YORK). (PHOTO: BEN PTASHNIK)</image:caption>
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      <image:title>News &amp; Events - Election Integrity Commission - September 2017 Update</image:title>
      <image:caption>THE KOBACH SUPPRESSION AGENDA: ONLY 531 OF 6,648 COLORADO VOTERS WHO UNREGISTERED SINCE JUNE HAVE COME BACK ON ROLLS READ MORE WWW.COLORADOINDEPENDENT.COM</image:caption>
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      <image:title>News &amp; Events - Voting Rights Caucus Press Release</image:title>
      <image:caption>JUNE 23 VOTING RIGHTS PRESS CONFERENCE; REP. VEASEY, (D-TEXAS), REP. SEWELL, (D- ALABAMA) REV. JESSE JACKSON, RAINBOW -- PUSH, REV. LENNOX YEARWOOD, HIP HOP CAUCUS, BARBARA ARNWINE, CHAIR OF THE VOTING RIGHTS ALLIANCE, TERRY O'NEILL, NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN AND REP. CHARLES RANGEL (D-NEW YORK). (PHOTO: BEN PTASHNIK)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>TJC Co-Leader Daryl D. Jones with Hunger Strikers and other Leaders during civil disobedience protest morning after Senate unconscionable vote on John Lewis Act</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1624308865806-5K166ASS5HGS9KWO6DDY/IMG_2470+%281%29.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - Moral March on Manchin &amp;amp; McConnell - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/2021/6/21/national-teletown-hall-youth-activism-the-legacy-of-goodman-chaney-amp-schwerner</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-06-21</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1624307579024-SBI8KXZK43ITKOYKSF1J/%28Final%29NTH+2021-1+%281%29.PNG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - National TeleTown Hall: Youth Activism, the Legacy of Goodman, Chaney &amp;amp; Schwerner - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/2021/4/14/john-lewis-mobilization-town-hall-er57w</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-04-18</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1618782369544-PCKKDNE1J7F4X2RK2ZW2/210416_April28.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - John Lewis Mobilization Town Hall</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/2021/4/14/john-lewis-mobilization-town-hall</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-04-18</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1617810890962-FS9KO7TYQCRSHIZHBRY6/210402_JohnLewisMobilizationTownHall_TW.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - John Lewis Mobilization Town Hall</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/2021/3/31/john-lewis-mobilization-town-hall</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-31</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1617130998910-1RREG4ZIM6TSSZM9E18X/210329_JohnLewisMobilizationTownHall_TW_v2_20210329155624580754.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - John Lewis Mobilization Town Hall</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/2021/5/8/national-john-lewis-voting-rights-advancement-action-day</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-04-18</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1617064756666-Y7XRD9JGRSXOKC6ER3EE/UPDATED-Save-the-Date--John-Lewis-Flyer+final.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - National John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Action Day</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1618780441538-YB7UNICL01H55B9OG67R/Twitter+May+8+Action+Day+Schedule.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - National John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Action Day</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/sept8thignitingchange</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-09</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/sept4thtwitterstorm</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-14</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/sept1stignitingchange</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-09</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/sept7thteletownhall</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-09</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1599670905326-9H4UBN512MBGFHWOCKE9/118943429_397404744959209_462121110993738076_n.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Upcoming Events - Facebook Live TeleTown Hall “Our March to the Ballot Box: Defeating Voter Suppression with Every Step and Every Vote”</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/laborday</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-09</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/upcoming-events-1/votingrightsmonth</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-30</lastmod>
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Upcoming Events - Voting Rights Month</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/home-brine</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>1.0</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-02-26</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Home - Where do we go from here?</image:title>
      <image:caption>Mark Your Calendars: Monday January 24th, 2022 at 7PM ET Tele Town Hall How Do We Protect The Vote? Where Do We Go From Here?</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>TJC Co-Leader Daryl D. Jones Esq Hunger Strikers and other Leaders during civil disobedience protest morning after Senate unconscionable vote on John Lewis Act</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>(Pictured from left to right: Jackie L. Hampton, NNPA National Secretary and Publisher of the Mississippi Link; Attorney Daryl Jones, Board Chair of the Transformative Justice Coalition; Attorney Barbara Arnwine, the founder, and president of the Transformative Justice Coalition; Fran Farrer, NNPA Second Vice Chair and Publisher of the County News; Dr. Benjamin F. Chavis Jr., NNPA President and CEO; Karen Carter Richards, NNPA Board Chair and President of the Houston Forward Times; Cheryl Smith, NNPA National Treasurer and Publisher of the Texas Metro News; Janis Ware, NNPA Vice Chair and Publisher of the Atlanta Voice.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - In-Person Gen Z and Millennial Votes Matter Houston Leadership Training March 29-April 2, 2023</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Transformative Justice Coalition (TJC) is hosting a non-partisan interactive in-person Gen Z and Millennial Votes Matter Leadership Training Event to be held March 29-April 2, 2023. This is a paid training opportunity with a $500 stipend and round-trip all expenses paid, including meals and ground transportation to Houston, Texas, for the entire event. The stipend is for your attendance and completion of a work plan. Unlike prior program, this training will interact with the 2nd Year of the HBCU ALL-Stars Game Week being held during NCAA Basketball Championships. We will attend the HBCU All Stars Civil Rights and Social Justice Panel and tickets and transportation will be provided to the game on Sunday, April 2nd. There will also be assigned homework prior to the event. To receive the stipend, you must attend all sessions every day, be punctual, uphold a code of conduct, and complete all assignments. The deadline to apply is February 28th, 2023 and all applicants must be able to provide proof of full vaccinations (both shots) and at least one booster shot.  This effort will prepare young persons, 18-35 years old, from the states of: Alabama; Arizona; Florida; Georgia; Kentucky; Louisiana; Michigan; Minnesota; Missouri; Mississippi; Ohio; Pennsylvania; North Carolina; South Carolina; Virginia; Texas; and, Wisconsin Those selected will serve as Voting Rights Ambassadors who will be trained to directly serve vulnerable communities and voters.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - At Least 10 Million New Black Voters Likely Headed To Polls Nov. 8</image:title>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/new-index</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-03-31</lastmod>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1646146623481-ZV3121L6ZS7YQ5NEBMOU/Untitled+%282500+%C3%97+1080+px%29+%284700+%C3%97+4000+px%29+%288000+%C3%97+3125+px%29+%283%29+%281%29.gif</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory</image:title>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/28/tjcwwyd</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1bd3e224-9c05-4bf8-b9ea-d0c221a02fdb/Untitled+%282500+%C3%97+1080+px%29+%284700+%C3%97+4000+px%29+%288000+%C3%97+3125+px%29+%284%29+%281%29.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 28th, 2022- The Transformative Justice Coalition's (2015-present) 2022 Voting Rights Agenda &amp;amp;  What YOU can do to advance voting rights  #VRABlackHistory, 2022 Edition - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>For the last day of Black History Month 2022, we are honoring the Transformative Justice Coalition's 2022 Voting Rights Agenda &amp; Educating on what YOU can do to advance voting rights. TJC and the Voting Rights Alliance have sounded the alarm this Black History Month. These organizations have rung the bell to alert you- the reader- about your ancestors’ struggles for African-American suffrage and about the present struggles in the fight for African-American suffrage. Education of Black History is essential in the fight. In fact, Black history and their fight for the vote provides a modern-day playbook for how you can be involved.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/27/ahmaud</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/06064f2b-c6eb-403e-acf3-f71b19d32bb6/ahmaud+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 27th, 2022- Ahmaud Arbery (1994-2020) and the Brunswick, Georgia community who voted out their shameful District Attorney (2020-2022) #VRABlackHistory, NEW 2022 Article - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>February 27th, 2022, we honored Ahmaud Arbery and remember how his tragic passing led to the Brunswick, Georgia community, whom we also honor in this article, coming together to vote out their Judicial Circuit District Attorney (DA), Jackie Johnson, who had been shamefully failing to provide equal justice for years.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/26/flu1918</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/9db88c26-2c3e-422a-aa4e-49ea2aa68d9c/1918+flu.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 26th, 2022- Voting Triumphs and Struggles and Racial Violence during The 1918 Flu Epidemic and Red Summer  #VRABlackHistory, NEW 2022 Article - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. February 26th, 2022, we remember the 1918 flu, and the struggles and triumphs of suffragists as well as the massacres of Black voters during that time. Author's Introduction History is important. We have all heard the saying "those who do not learn from their history are doomed to repeat it". When we look at history, we must have respect for it and learn from those mistakes. And in an era where the U.S. is banning books that teach the reality of Black and Jewish history, we have to worry about repeating history. A mentor of mine who recently passed away, in the six months I knew him, caused me to have a paradigm shift - a fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions- on my views of self care and my image of who I wanted to be. One paradigm shift he caused me to have is one I hope this article will instill in you too: it's not just about not repeating history; it's about changing so it won't occur again. We often hear the definition of insanity is repeating the same things and expecting different results; but, then why does America consistently resist change, instead embracing the same structural racism it so desperately wants to distance itself from. But it is impossible for America to heal from its generational traumas if it doesn't discuss them; if we live in denial; if we consistently do the same things, yet are somehow surprised when we have the same results. In an era where comments (comment # 6, March 23, 2021) are posted in forums that until the movie Watchmen came out, many had never heard of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre, things must change. In today's article, you will find many parallels from 100 years ago to today, from a pandemic to a war to a labor shortage and massacres of Black communities- and I will leave it up to you, reader, to decide if America is repeating the same mistakes. For America to dismantle structural racism, America has to decide to take accountability, process its trauma as a nation, and CHANGE.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/25/lewis</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/033e7e2a-5a46-4808-8257-66cf38fba8a6/Congressman+John+Lewis+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 25th, 2022-  Congressman John Lewis (1940-2020) ﻿2022 Edition: The "Good Trouble" Spirit of John Lewis Marches On #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. February 25th, 2022, we honored Congressman John Lewis, who fought for equality and voting rights his entire life. Congressman John Lewis put his heart, soul, skin, blood, and tears into the fight for African-American suffrage. Congressman John Lewis was “ a leading participant in nearly all of the pivotal events of the civil rights movement”. Congressman Lewis: - participated in the 1960 Nashville sit-ins; - helped form in 1960 and was chairman of from 1963-1966 the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; - participated in the 1961 Freedom Rides; - helped organize registration drives through the SNCC starting in 1962; - was an architect of and youngest speaker at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom; - helped lead the 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery Marches and was one of the seventeen people hospitalized on Bloody Sunday; - was head of the Voter Education Project from 1970-1977; - was elected to his first official government office as an Atlanta City Council member in 1981; and, - has served thirteen consecutive terms as Congressman of Georgia’s 5th Congressional District since 1987, where he still advocates regularly for voting rights for all. "John Robert Lewis, the son of sharecroppers who survived a brutal beating by police during a landmark 1965 march in Selma, Alabama, to become a towering figure of the civil rights movement and a longtime US congressman...died after a six-month battle with cancer. He was 80." He died on July 17th, 2020. Note from the author: This article was originally written in 2017, updated in 2020, and updated again this year. The new 2022 update is at the beginning of this article and focuses on Lewis’ legacy.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/24/shelby</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/b109c871-33e7-4a0a-9865-a60d4a0abad6/shelby+county+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 24th, 2022- The Rise of Modern Voter Suppression: Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 2 (2013). #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 24th, 2022, we are educating about the rise of modern voter suppression. Our focus will be on the United State's Supreme Court's 2013 decision of Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 2 (2013), which ruled Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) unconstitutional. As is outlined below, the Court ruling Section 4(b) of the VRA, which set the coverage formula for Section 5 of the VRA (the preclearance section), unconstitutional effectively gutted Section 5 of the VRA. Although our focus today will be on Shelby County v. Holder, it would be remiss of us not to make of utmost clarity that voter suppression did NOT begin in 2013 after the Shelby County v. Holder decision. Voter suppression comes in many forms. Some would characterize felon disenfranchisement (the disenfranchisement of those with past felony convictions), which played a role in the 2000 presidential elections, as voter suppression. Voter suppression is also the more subtle realities that occur around election time, such as flyers that tell one party to vote on a day other than election day or flyers that tell people they can "vote-by-phone" or "vote-by-email". These voter suppression tactics are known as "deceptive practices", and were even present in the 2008 elections. There are many more forms and types of voter suppression tactics as well, and this article does not list all of them. Please note that this article was updated on March 1st, 2022 to include the historic case Patino v. City of Pasadena, 230 F. Supp. 3d 667 (S.D. Tex. 2017). Because this landmark case, which put Pasadena, Texas under federal oversight until 2023, occurred post-Shelby (which adds to its significance), this updated section is at the end of this article in the "Commentary and a Post-Shelby County Era" section after the "Concerning the oral arguments in Shelby County v. Holder". Thank you.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/23/childrenscrusade</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/d3c553e7-b40a-46ba-888d-bd04e3fb2cb9/The+Children_s+Crusade+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 23rd, 2022- The Children’s Crusade (May 2, 1963 - May 5, 1963) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 23rd, 2022, we honor the Children’s Crusade. which was the successful effort to desegregate Birmingham, Alabama. Led by thousands of children, underneath the leadership of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and its leaders, Martin Luther King Jr, Rev. James Bevel, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, and Dorothy Cotton, this movement to protest racial violence and segregation galvanized the Civil Rights Movement.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/22/fannielou</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/546747e8-9978-46e4-b494-529d731567ea/Fannie+Lou+Hamer+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 22nd, 2022- Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 22nd, 2022, we honor Fannie Lou Hamer, a seminal figure in the fight for African American voting rights and political power in the 1960's. Hamer "was a civil rights activist whose passionate depiction of her own suffering in a racist society helped focus attention on the plight of African-Americans throughout the South." “During the course of her activist career, Hamer was threatened, arrested, beaten, and shot at. But none of these things ever deterred her from her work." Although Fannie Lou Hamer came from a poor background and wasn't highly educated, she was a fierce advocate who was able to galvanize, mobilize, and inspire a movement.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/21/blackmassacres</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/767ade1e-0fe7-4d77-976b-bde891164c5a/massacre+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 21st, 2022 - A Legacy of Disenfranchisement: Black Massacres (1860's - early 1900's) #VRABlackHistory, 2022 new article - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 21st, 2022, we remember the Black massacres that occurred between the 1860's and early 1900's. While many more massacres occurred after and before this, the extreme concentration of Black massacres during this time period were specifically targeted against Black men exerting their right to vote under 15th amendment. In this article, I revisit the time periods already covered all month long, and reveal this brutal hidden history. When you think of the time period after the American Civil War known as "Reconstruction", what comes to mind? Is it a rampant massacres to uphold White Supremacy by suppressing the Black vote? A new report brings the number of victims of racial terror killings between 1865 and 1950 to almost 6,500. Furthermore, a 2017 study found Historic Lynchings in the U.S. South Are Linked to Lower Levels of Voter Registration Among Black People. It is up to us to learn from our history. We can not allow new voter suppression tactics to continue this legacy of disenfranchisement.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/17/walker-d937m-pw97m</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/bd2626d8-bb4f-4bed-9714-f0f377c37b2b/Ella+Baker+2022+corrected.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 19th, 2022 - Ella Baker (1903-1986) #VRABlackHistory   (Copy) - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/17/walker-d937m-43kr6</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/72496474-df3c-44e3-851b-8ce00df49fe7/Amelia+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 20th, 2022 - Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson (1911-2015) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Note from the author: This article is comprised of quotes from many different articles in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the life and legacy of Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson's fight for African-American suffrage. All sources are linked in green throughout the article. Today, February 20th, 2022, we honor Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson, who "was a civil rights pioneer who championed voting rights for African Americans." “Born when slavery and the Civil War were still in living memory, Mrs. Boynton Robinson became a voting rights activist in the 1930s and was a friend of Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks and other civil rights leaders in the 1950s and 1960s. She lived long enough to attend President Obama’s State of the Union address in January [2015] and to accompany the president across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in March, [2015] commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Selma march that almost claimed her life.”</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/17/walker-d937m</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/bd2626d8-bb4f-4bed-9714-f0f377c37b2b/Ella+Baker+2022+corrected.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 18th, 2022 - Ella Baker (1903-1986) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/17/walker</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1b27d61c-6325-4247-b3c2-98cfd7ab06e2/Maggie+Walker+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 17th, 2022 - Maggie Lena Walker (1864 – 1934) 2022 Edition #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 17th, 2022 we honor Maggie Lena Walker. Maggie organized pre-registration meetings in in 1920 in Richmond, Virginia after the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Those meetings led to a huge voter registration drive for African American women and resulted in the highest rate of African American women registered to vote in Richmond that year. Not only did Maggie lead this voter registration movement, fighting against discrimination and racism in the voter registration process for Black women. In 1921, Maggie became the first and only African American woman to run on a gubernatorial ticket in Richmond. While Maggie is best remembered for founding the Saint Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia, she also founded or was an active member of organizations which supported women’s suffrage. Please note that the below version is a newly re-edited version of the original 2020 article. This special 2022 edition has been reformatted to set the scene for tomorrow's first NEW 2022 article which will detail the Black massacres that occurred when White Supremacists terrorized Black voters after the passage of the 15th Amendment. While honoring Maggie Lena Walker's little known voting rights legacy, this new edition aims to also highlight the vicious voter suppression tactics used against Black communities during the time period between the passage of the 15th and 19th Amendments. The original 2020 Version was written specifically for the Centennial Anniversary of the 19th Amendment, and the main highlight was Maggie Lena Walker's work in organizing pre-registration meetings in 1920 in Richmond, Virginia after the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Those meetings led to a huge voter registration drive for African American women and resulted in the highest rate of African American women registered to vote in Richmond that year. Not only did Maggie lead this voter registration movement, fighting against discrimination and racism in the voter registration process for Black women. In 1921, Maggie became the first and only African American woman to run on a gubernatorial ticket in Richmond. While Maggie is best remembered for founding the Saint Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia, she also founded or was an active member of organizations which supported women’s suffrage. The major difference between the original version and this new version isn't new content, but a reorganization of the original article, although some content from the original has been removed from this version. All references for any further reading or sources are listed at the end of this article and this bibliography is the same as the original.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/15/annajuliacooper</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/24763624-1739-4a43-918e-9c4e0614fa2b/Anna+Julia+Cooper+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 15th, 2022 -  Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 15th, we honor Anna Julia Cooper, who "was an American educator, writer, and scholar remembered for her pioneering crusade for the upliftment of African-American women.” “While notable for her long life span, Cooper is most remarkable for the amount and significance of her accomplishments over the course of her lifetime, as well as the dedication and perseverance she exhibited while fighting tirelessly for what she thought was just. Cooper made no concessions in her fight; believing “a cause is not worthier than its weakest elements,” she decried movements advocating for women’s rights and racial justice for ignoring black women who were victims of both oppressions. Cooper was critical of black men for hailing opportunities that were not open to black women as markers of racial progress, and openly confronted leaders of the women’s movement for allowing the racism within it to remain unchecked. She recognized that neither movement could achieve its cause while still being divided by race or gender.”</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/1/bethune</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/50ad26e6-1425-4a7e-86c4-60080f5c5f9a/Bethune+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 16th, 2022 -  Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 16th, 2022, we honor Mary McLeod Bethune, who was "[o]ne of the 20th century’s most powerful and celebrated advocates for civil rights and suffrage" (Bennet, C. 2019). Bethune turned her sights toward women’s suffrage in the early 1900s, when there was little role for African-American women, especially in the South. In 1912, she joined the Equal Suffrage League, an offshoot of the National Association of Colored Women. In an era when even African-American men couldn’t vote because of Jim Crow laws, Bethune watched as white-dominated voting rights and suffrage organizations marched and protested nationwide. Following the 1920 passage of the 19th amendment, Bethune rode a bicycle door-to-door raising money to pay the 'poll tax,' a tax imposed by white lawmakers to suppress black voting. Because a literacy test was also required, she conducted night classes to teach reading. When 80 members of the Ku Klux Klan threatened to burn her school, Bethune held an all-night school-front vigil with a groundskeeper and some of her students. The Klan backed down, and Bethune led a procession of 100 African Americans to the polls to vote for the first time in the Daytona mayoral election.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/14/maryterrell</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/bf064ed6-3c80-4625-8749-5501c11c372d/Mary+Church+Terrell+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 14th, 2022 - Mary Eliza Church Terrell (1863-1954) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 14th, 2022, we want to show why we love and honor Mary Eliza Church Terrell. On September 23, 1863, in Memphis, Tennessee, this pioneering woman was born. She was born the same year the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, and she died two months after the Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education. Mary was a strong advocate for Black woman suffrage, often highlighting the struggles that Black women had to go through that White women didn’t. Mary did a lot in her life, but her main focus was voting rights, as she recognized and said that she “belonged ‘to the only group in this country that has two obstacles to surmount, both sex and race.’” Mary was born to former mix-raced slaves Robert Reed Church and Louisa Ayers who used their newfound freedom to become small business-owners and made themselves vital members of Memphis’ growing Black population. Because of their ambition, Mary’s parents were prosperous and Mary was able to take advantage of many opportunities not available to most Black people during that time. Her parents instilled in her and her brother the value of education. And her parents’ ambition and love of education penetrated Mary to her core, and became a vital aspect of her personality, and she would go on to keep fighting for civil rights even when she was 90 years old. Mary was not just a voting rights hero; but, was also a writer, educator, and all-around civil rights activist.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/13/ida</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/efbcefd8-f594-4a22-bc04-9a5f8a166746/Ida%2BB.%2BWells-Barnett%2B2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 13th, 2022 - Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today we honor Ida B. Wells-Barnett, who was a journalist, civil rights activist, and suffragist who endlessly fought against racial and sexual discrimination. “Born a slave in 1862, Ida Bell Wells was the oldest daughter of James and Lizzie Wells. The Wells family, as well as the rest of the slaves of the Confederate states, were decreed free by the Union, about six months after Ida's birth, thanks to the Emancipation Proclamation.” “Although enslaved prior to the Civil War, her parents were able to support their seven children because her mother was a 'famous' cook and her father was a skilled carpenter." “Ida B. Wells's [sic] parents were active in the Republican Party during Reconstruction. Her father, James, was involved with the Freedman’s Aid Society and helped start Shaw University, a school for the newly freed slaves (now Rust College) and served on the first board of trustees.” "When Ida was only fourteen [though some sources say she was sixteen], a tragic epidemic of Yellow Fever swept through Holly Springs and killed her parents and youngest sibling. Emblematic of the righteousness, responsibility, and fortitude that characterized her life, she kept the family together by securing a job teaching [at only 14 years old]. She managed to continue her education by attending near-by Rust College."</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/12/1stconference</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/4226fe23-9796-4e16-ab43-4f720a30135e/The+First+National+Conference+of+the+Colored+Women+of+America+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 12th, 2022 - The First National Conference of the Colored Women of America (August 1895)  #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 12th, 2022, we honor the First National Conference of the Colored Women of America. Yesterday, we focused on George H, White, the unsung hero who was the last of the Reconstruction Era Black Congressmen. He detailed brutal racial voter suppression that destroyed the Black vote. It would be another 91 years before another Black North Carolina Congressperson. As I teased yesterday, one of the new articles, set to premiere this weekend, will take a look at the Black massacres that occurred after the 1860's, many of which were over voting. While many more massacres occurred after 1880's, the extreme concentration of Black massacres during this time period were specifically targeted against Black men exerting their right to vote under 15th amendment. Despite the horror that article will show, I purposefully have inserted this article. just as yesterday's, to honor the wins of Black men and women during this time. The goal of the conference was to create a national organization for Black women after Black women expressed via poll responses the need for such an organization in the early 1890's.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/11/georgewhite</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/6423626e-85d2-4389-a351-a0c77adfe47f/George+H.+White+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 11th, 2022 - George H. White (1852-1918)  #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 11th, 2022, we honor George H. White, who was a lawyer and a Republican African-American Congressman from North Carolina’s Second Congressional District (1899-1901). As we travel through history, I have been purposefully laying the groundwork all week for one of our nine new articles: the Black massacres of the 1860's- 1880's, many of which were over voting. While many more massacres occurred after 1880's, the extreme concentration of Black massacres during this time period were specifically targeted against Black men exerting their right to vote under 15th amendment. Despite the horror that article will show, I purposefully have inserted this article before it to provide a contrast: that even when everything seems hopeless, progress still finds a way to rise as a phoenix. "Facing overwhelming odds in the wake of the further disfranchisement of North Carolina blacks, he declined to run for re-election in 1900." White was part of the 56th Congress of the United States and was the last African-American member of Congress since Reconstruction, and there wouldn't be another African-American Congressperson until 28 years later in 1928. White would also be the last African-American Congressman "elected from North Carolina until the 1990s".</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/10/lodgebill</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/62c78d6b-6a64-4d7a-a320-76db050c9120/The+Federal+Elections+Bill+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 10th, 2022 -  The Final Attempt: The Federal Elections Bill (1890) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. You can also watch Caitlyn read this article on live on video via Facebook Live and Periscope by going to her Facebook profile or Twitter Profile, as a part of the new #VRABlackHistoryLIVE series (2019). View past article-readings by searching the #VRABlackHistoryLIVE. Today, February 10th, 2022, we remember the fight for the Federal Elections Bill (also known as “The Lodge Bill, or to its opponents “The Force Bill"). The Lodge Bill would have given more oversight in elections and provided much-needed enforcement of the 15th Amendment in the South. Following the 1877 Hayes-Tilden compromise, this bill represented the last attempt by the U.S. Congress in the 19th Century to protect African-American suffrage. The Lodge Bill was passed in the House, but was defeated in the Senate because of Democratic filibusters, which wasn’t only a means of stalling, but was also a means of shaming Western Republicans into voting against the Lodge Bill. It is almost eerie how the fight over this bill reveals issues mirroring those of today in the 1800's, including but not limited to: priorities of political parties shifting; Congressional gridlock; immigration; public shame tactics; the mistreatment of Native Americans and Chinese immigrants; Georgia majorly suppressing votes of Black people; and, the battle between doing what is good for the economy and one group, and doing what is best for the social good, especially when benefits aren't immediate.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/9/reconstructioncongress</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/0cb162a5-1d5c-4393-a2ed-d52eb1b7aac6/Reconstruction+Congress+of+1867_2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 9th, 2022 - The Reconstruction Congress of 1867  #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 9th, 2022, we honor the Reconstruction Congress of 1867, which passed several measures to promote Black enfranchisement. "Following the end of the Civil War, the United States Congress forged a plan to reconstruct the war-torn country. Three dynamic measures were passed in 1867."</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/8/15th</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/46a3ee46-05cb-4b78-a947-a54d28327b7a/15th+Amendment+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 8th, 2022 -  The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 8th, 2022, we honor the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlaws discrimination in voting rights on the basis of race, color, and previous condition of servitude; thereby advancing suffrage for African Americans (although only men could vote at that time). This was the last and most hard fought for of all the Reconstruction Congress' Constitutional Amendments to confer full citizenship upon the formerly enslaved. The intention of this amendment was to codify, permanently, the right to vote for all freed men. Immediately, the impact of this amendment proved transformative as freed men exercised the right to vote, and in coalition, elected several hundred African-Americans to office throughout the nation.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/7/blacksoldiers</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/ba648725-d9fc-422b-ae83-a88f90e561f9/Black+soldiers+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 7th, 2022 -  Black Soldiers in the Civil War (1861-1865) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today we honor the Black soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, the outcome of which lead to the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/6/maryannshaddcary</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-02-28</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1d67887f-1d65-47b4-bdca-93529a6c567e/Mary+Ann+Shadd+Cary+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 6th, 2022 -  Mary Ann Shadd Cary  (1823-1893) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today we honor Mary Ann Shadd Cary. "Mary Ann Shadd Cary, African American teacher, journalist, lawyer, and suffragist, was the oldest of thirteen children of prominent free Black parents. She edited a Canadian newspaper, the Provincial Freeman, for Black refugees who fled to Canada. She advocated the vote for Black women as race advancement, affiliated with the National Woman Suffrage Association, and developed legal arguments for suffrage under the 14th Amendment. Cary founded the Colored Women’s Progressive Franchise Association in D.C. (1880), which pre-dated the woman’s club movement by a decade, and linked the vote to women’s labor questions and entrepreneurship – all ideas far ahead of their time. The Shadd family moved to Canada after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act (1850), where she was a spokesperson and editor of the Provincial Freeman. She married Thomas Cary of Toronto but became a widow (1869). She moved to Washington, D. C., taught public school, and became the first woman student at Howard University Law School. Not permitted to graduate because D. C. did not admit women to the bar, she returned ten years later (1883) to receive her law degree at 60."</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/5/purvises</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-02-28</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/93eae2b3-89da-4a53-b762-aa341994a8f0/Robert+Purvis_Harriet+Forten+Purvis_2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 5th, 2022 - Robert Purvis (1810 - 1898) &amp;amp; Harriet Forten-Purvis (1810 - 1875) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is a summary page. Today, February 5th, we honor both Robert Purvis, and his wife, Harriet Forten-Purvis. See their individual sections below to find out why! Today we honor Robert Purvis, a Black man who lost his voting rights in the early 1800’s in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On March 14, 1838, Purvis submitted a petition to fight for his and 40,000 other Black Philadelphians' voting rights in response to a new state constitutional amendment that restricted suffrage to only White men. "Despite the massive effort put into the Appeal of Forty Thousand and similar documents, the citizens of Pennsylvania ratified the new state constitution on October 9, 1838. African Americans would not regain the right to vote in Pennsylvania until the 15th Amendment was passed in 1869. Although the Appeal of Forty Thousand did not successfully move white Pennsylvanians, it represented the beginning of a massive civil rights movement targeting the institutions of slavery and discrimination. The actions of early activists like Robert Purvis set African Americans on the path to the political freedom that would be gained by the end of the 19th century." Today, we also honor Harriet Forten-Purvis, Robert's wife. "The daughter of leading African-American abolitionists James and Charlotte Forten, Harriet Forten Purvis was a powerful 19th century voice for equal rights for all—including women. Harriett Forten married Robert Purvis in 1832 and made a home for their children in Philadelphia, where both Harriett and Robert led their communities in the fight for civil rights...Because women were not permitted to join the American Anti-Slavery Society, Harriett joined with more than a dozen other women, including suffragist and abolitionist Lucretia Mott, to establish the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society...Harriett and nine others initiated a boycott of non-free (slave labor) products, including cotton and produce. She lectured on civil rights and in a speech to the Society on September 13, 1866, denounced segregation on railroad cars. Her role within the Society gave her the opportunity to associate with anti-slavery leaders from outside Philadelphia, such as the well-known African-American lecturer Sarah Parker Remond...Together with her sister Margaretta, who was also an educator and abolitionist, Harriet became one of the lead organizers of the fifth annual National Woman’s Rights Convention...Immediately following the Civil War, a number of African Americans, white abolitionists and suffragists joined together to work for universal suffrage. In 1866, they formed the American Equal Rights Association (AERA). Harriet joined other active members, including Sarah Remond and Sojourner Truth in public advocacy of voting rights for African Americans and women. Harriet's sisters, daughter, and grandchildren were also active in fighting for civil rights and the vote, as well as nieces of the families.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/4/douglass</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-02-28</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/405dc075-cff2-40fa-b664-1c096c1a816c/Frederick+Douglass+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 4th, 2022 - Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is a summary page. Today, February 4th, we honor Frederick Douglass. What would a series dedicated to those who advanced Black suffrage be without mention of Frederick Douglass, the man who advocated for suffrage for ALL African-Americans, regardless of gender? Douglass tried to escape slavery twice before he was successful in running away as a fugitive. He escaped to Massachusetts with the help of his soon-to-be-wife, a free Black woman from Baltimore named Anna Murray, who later joined him in Massachusetts., where the two were married by a former fugitive slave. Although his marriage papers listed him as "Frederick Johnson", it was here that Douglass was no longer known by his slave name of “Frederick Bailey”, or even the married name of “Frederick Johnson”, but he became best known as “Frederick Douglass”. Being a run-away slave, Douglass had to assume false names to avoid capture, and he took the name “Douglass” “from Sir Walter Scott’s 1810 epic poem ‘Lady of the Lake’”. But there was another reason for Douglass changing his name: to vote.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/3/sojourner</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/f0bc1b9f-f257-4f7d-8d35-42e86c1c1361/Sojourner+Truth+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 3rd, 2022 - Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is a summary page. Today, February 3rd, 2022, we honor Sojourner Truth, who was not only “one of the first African American women to win a lawsuit in the United States”, but was also a powerful advocate of the suffrage movement for Black and all women. Recommended Readings: Fourth National Woman's Rights Convention, New York City, 1853, Sojourner Truth speech “Suppose I Am About the Only Colored Woman That Goes About To Speak For The Rights Of Colored Women . . .” Read a comprehensive biography of Sojourner Truth here.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/1/february-1st-2022-prince-hall-1735-1807-vrablackhistory</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-02-28</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/51ff4cdd-04d4-4e67-88c8-8d84f8e171b9/Prince%2BHall2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 1st, 2022 - Prince Hall (1735-1807) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/2022-vrablackhistory/2022/2/2/paulcuffe</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-02-28</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/c2383aba-fb13-428e-be21-8d5448012311/Paul+Cuffe_+Sr.+pic2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>2022 #VRABlackHistory - February 2nd, 2022 - Paul Cuffe Sr. (1759-1817) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is a summary page. Today we honor Paul Cuffe Sr, who, by way of petitions, civil disobedience, and working within the system, helped pave the way for Black (and Native American) men in Massachusetts to be able to vote. It was during the Revolution Era, when Cuffe was in his 20’s, that he began his life of activism.  “In 1780, both local and state legislation levied heavy taxes against land owned by African Americans, including Cuffe's family farm on Cuttyhunk.” He petitioned the government to either give Blacks and Native Americans the right to vote or cease to tax them, throwing the new America’s own logic back at them: “if England had no right to tax the colonies without representation, what right did America have to tax citizens who were not allowed to vote?” His petition was simple, but powerful.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-02</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677722077873-ZNCAEYGDLMJD61RJXICJ/Screenshot+%28102%29.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/tjc</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-02</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/5fd4c45f-6c2b-4e45-84cb-c155152ecca1/Copy+of+Untitled+%282500+%C3%97+1080+px%29+%284700+%C3%97+4000+px%29+%288000+%C3%97+3125+px%29+%281%29.gif</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 28th, 2023- The Transformative Justice Coalition's (2015-present) 2023 Voting Rights Agenda &amp;amp;  What YOU can do to advance voting rights  #VRABlackHistory, 2023 Edition - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/ef6e04ca-a674-4e4f-b812-a4fd10517fcd/Copy+of+Untitled+%282500+%C3%97+1080+px%29+%284700+%C3%97+4000+px%29+%288000+%C3%97+3125+px%29+%281%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 28th, 2023- The Transformative Justice Coalition's (2015-present) 2023 Voting Rights Agenda &amp;amp;  What YOU can do to advance voting rights  #VRABlackHistory, 2023 Edition - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/blm-hbmb5youthvote</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/50393b81-3200-4019-b39e-06575658fc1e/CBFB8A6C-5D03-4DD0-9E70-91A610994333.PNG</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 27th, 2023 - The Youth Vote of the 2020's #VRABlackHistory, NEW 2023 ARTICLE (to be released the first week in March!) - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/shelby</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/b109c871-33e7-4a0a-9865-a60d4a0abad6/shelby+county+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 26th, 2022- The Rise of Modern Voter Suppression: Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 2 (2013). #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. This article was not emailed out in 2023, however it is added in with the 2023 Series as an honorary mention for purposes of the interactive calendar. February 24th, 2022, we educated about the rise of modern voter suppression. Our focus will be on the United State's Supreme Court's 2013 decision of Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. 2 (2013), which ruled Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA) unconstitutional. As is outlined below, the Court ruling Section 4(b) of the VRA, which set the coverage formula for Section 5 of the VRA (the preclearance section), unconstitutional effectively gutted Section 5 of the VRA. Although our focus today will be on Shelby County v. Holder, it would be remiss of us not to make of utmost clarity that voter suppression did NOT begin in 2013 after the Shelby County v. Holder decision. Voter suppression comes in many forms. Some would characterize felon disenfranchisement (the disenfranchisement of those with past felony convictions), which played a role in the 2000 presidential elections, as voter suppression. Voter suppression is also the more subtle realities that occur around election time, such as flyers that tell one party to vote on a day other than election day or flyers that tell people they can "vote-by-phone" or "vote-by-email". These voter suppression tactics are known as "deceptive practices", and were even present in the 2008 elections. There are many more forms and types of voter suppression tactics as well, and this article does not list all of them. Please note that this article was updated on March 1st, 2022 to include the historic case Patino v. City of Pasadena, 230 F. Supp. 3d 667 (S.D. Tex. 2017). Because this landmark case, which put Pasadena, Texas under federal oversight until 2023, occurred post-Shelby (which adds to its significance), this updated section is at the end of this article in the "Commentary and a Post-Shelby County Era" section after the "Concerning the oral arguments in Shelby County v. Holder". Thank you.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/blm</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677709500400-PQN7PANXFBNXOPX0LY7F/blm+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 25th, 2023 - Black Lives Matter and the Vote:  The Importance of Downballot Voting #VRABlackHistory, NEW 2023 ARTICLE - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we are honoring the Movement for Black Lives and how Black Lives Matter highlights the necessity to vote downballot. The purpose of this article is to make the critical connection between these continued police abuses and the power of the ballot to elect officials who exercise power over various jobs that deeply impact policing. The issue of racial misconduct and deadly racialized police killings of Black men and women has once again been dominating our news cycle following the horrible video of Tyre Nichols. Policies of opposing broken windows policing have become more popular as people have called for the ending of policing in routine traffic enforcement.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/mlk</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677708954472-JMKERPZSU5CQCDK2M1LO/mlk+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 24th, 2023-  Martin Luther King Jr.  (1929-1968) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/jessejackson</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677708783112-Q24MXJQK08XWJ6X4CZZT/jesse+jackson+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 19th, 2023-  The Reverend Jesse Jackson, Sr. (1941-present) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/ahmaud</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677708438804-MU0QR2IXTFEYMW9SJWUF/ahmaud+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 23rd, 2023- Ahmaud Arbery (1994-2020) and the Brunswick, Georgia community who voted out their shameful District Attorney (2020-2022), 2023 Edition #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>On the third Anniversary of his slaying, February 23rd, 2023, we honored Ahmaud Arbery and remember how his tragic passing led to the Brunswick, Georgia community, whom we also honor in this article, coming together to vote out their Judicial Circuit District Attorney (DA), Jackie Johnson, who had been shamefully failing to provide equal justice for years. This article contains some updated content, including highlighting the Transformative Justice Coalition’s February 23rd “All Voting Is Local” National TeleTown Hall which featured Marcus Arbery, members of the Arbery Family, and the Brunswick Community. The persistence of the Arbery family and the Glynn County community demonstrates that not only is “all politics local,” but “all voting is local” too.  This Tele-Town Hall commemorating the death of Ahmaud Arbery is also a celebration of the right to vote and a lesson in the power of the local ballot box. Watch the TeleTown Hall in the video below and click the button to read this article.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/cbc</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677707621298-13ODVEBVMTH743JRG1OK/congressional+black+caucus+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 22nd, 2023 - The Congressional Black Caucus (1971 - Present), Its founding, importance, members, history, and present #VRABlackHistory, NEW - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we are highlighting the founding of the Congressional Black Caucus and its work and honoring its founding and current members. The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) was established in 1971 by 13 founding members. The founding members include: Rep. Shirley A. Chisholm (D-N.Y.) Rep. William L. Clay, Sr. (D-Mo.) Rep. George W. Collins (D-Ill.) Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich.) Rep. Ronald V. Dellums (D-Calif.) Rep. Charles C. Diggs, Jr. (D-Mich.) Rep. Augustus F. Hawkins (D-Calif.) Rep. Ralph H. Metcalfe (D-Ill.) Rep. Parren J. Mitchell (D-Md.) Rep. Robert N.C. Nix, Sr. (D-Pa.) Rep. Charles B. Rangel (D-N.Y.) Rep. Louis Stokes (D-Ohio) Del. Walter E. Fauntroy (D-D.C.) There are already great written accounts about the founding and work of the Congressional Black Caucus. Therefore, I am curating all of those wonderful accounts together so you can explore in-depth all the rich history, importance, and work of the Congressional Black Caucus: Why was it founded? How has it helped? What actions have they taken?</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/felondisenfranchisementpart2</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677707327222-EXM0BPX3JIATRYJTUEJA/current+fight+of+felon+disenfranchisement+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 21st, 2023 - Understanding Felon Disenfranchisement Laws &amp;amp;  The Individuals Affected, Part 2:  The Current Fight for Voter Restoration #VRABlackHistory, NEW - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we highlight the current state of felon disenfranchisement and honoring those fighting for the right to restore the vote to returning citizens (those with past felony convictions). This is part 2 of the 2-part article reviewing felon disenfranchisement and the individuals affected. The Transformative Justice Coalition is committed to working with groups worldwide to combat felon disenfranchisement. Written in October of 2016, "Understanding Felon Disenfranchisement Laws &amp; The Individuals Affected" was a two-part Transformer original article examining felon disenfranchisement. Disenfranchisement is when you deny the right to vote to a person or group, or deny the right to vote through practices or policies. In America, an estimated 6.1 million people with past felony convictions are denied the right to vote in a practice known as felon disenfranchisement. This #VRABlack History article will update Part One of the 2016 article focused on 2016 felon re-enfranchisement efforts on the state (Maryland and Florida) and federal levels, as well as provides information on the often confusing process of how those with past felony convictions may restore their right to vote. Today's article hopes to clarify some of these misconceptions by exploring and explaining: individual stories of those affected by America's felon disenfranchisement laws; voting rights for individuals who are incarcerated; voting rights for the formerly incarcerated (individuals with past felony convictions); and, the fight to restore the vote by the states. For purposes of this two-part article, the author uses "felon disenfranchisement" as a broad-brush term to describe the state and federal laws that affect both those currently and formerly incarcerated, unless otherwise specified. The author also knows that there are many preferred terms for individuals with past felony convictions, such as "returning citizen", "ex-felon", and other terms such as, "citizen" and "resident". For purposes of this article, the author most commonly uses the term "individuals with past felony convictions", unless citing a quote or reference that uses a different term. References will be listed at the end of the article, with all quotes or references beginning with blue, underlined words that link to the source.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/felondisenfranchisementpart1</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677706735382-R31CXWDF2GEK8EVMT3QC/history+of+felon+disenfranchisement+2023updated.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 20th, 2023 - Understanding Felon Disenfranchisement Laws &amp;amp;  The Individuals Affected, Part 1:  The History of Felon Disenfranchisement (1600's - Present) #VRABlackHistory, NEW - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 19th, 2023, we remember the history of felon disenfranchisement as part of a 2-part article reviewing felon disenfranchisement and the individuals affected. The Transformative Justice Coalition is committed to working with groups worldwide to combat felon disenfranchisement. Written in October of 2016, "Understanding Felon Disenfranchisement Laws &amp; The Individuals Affected" is a two-part Transformer original article examining felon disenfranchisement. Disenfranchisement is when you deny the right to vote to a person or group, or deny the right to vote through practices or policies. In America, an estimated 6.1 million people with past felony convictions are denied the right to vote in a practice known as felon disenfranchisement. Today's article (originally Part Two in 2016) is meant to be an informative overview of the past and current state of felon disenfranchisement in America, and around the globe. This article delves into the origins of felon disenfranchisement laws that stem from Greece; how felon disenfranchisement laws made their way to the United States in the 1600’s and evolved through the Revolutionary War; and, the exceptions and difficulties created by the 13th Amendment, the first and second sections of the 14th Amendment, and the 15th Amendment. The racist past of felon disenfranchisement is also be looked at, including: why felonies became a broad-brush political tool to disenfranchise Black voters; the origins of the American policing, and how it disproportionately affects African Americans; how Jim Crow laws came to be discriminatory disenfranchisement laws; and, how felon disenfranchisement is the lasting effect of the Jim Crow Laws. For purposes of this two-part article, the author uses "felon disenfranchisement" as a broad-brush term to describe the state and federal laws that affect both those currently and formerly incarcerated, unless otherwise specified. The author also knows that there are many preferred terms for individuals with past felony convictions, such as "returning citizen", "ex-felon", and other terms such as, "citizen" and "resident". For purposes of this article, the author most commonly uses the term "individuals with past felony convictions", unless citing a quote or reference that uses a different term. References will be listed at the end of the article, with all quotes or references beginning with blue, underlined words that link to the source.  Note: The email for this article was originally sent on February 19th, 2023. For purposes of the interactive calendar, this summary article has changed the date to the 20th.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/lewis</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677705809846-8JVIGIHO7LQH3G2LXZHI/Congressman+John+Lewis+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 18th, 2023-  Congressman John Lewis (1940-2020) ﻿2022 Edition: The "Good Trouble" Spirit of John Lewis Marches On #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we honor Congressman John Lewis, who fought for equality and voting rights his entire life. Congressman John Lewis put his heart, soul, skin, blood, and tears into the fight for African-American suffrage. Congressman John Lewis was “ a leading participant in nearly all of the pivotal events of the civil rights movement”. Congressman Lewis: - participated in the 1960 Nashville sit-ins; - helped form in 1960 and was chairman of from 1963-1966 the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; - participated in the 1961 Freedom Rides; - helped organize registration drives through the SNCC starting in 1962; - was an architect of and youngest speaker at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom; - helped lead the 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery Marches and was one of the seventeen people hospitalized on Bloody Sunday; - was head of the Voter Education Project from 1970-1977; - was elected to his first official government office as an Atlanta City Council member in 1981; and, - has served thirteen consecutive terms as Congressman of Georgia’s 5th Congressional District since 1987, where he still advocates regularly for voting rights for all. "John Robert Lewis, the son of sharecroppers who survived a brutal beating by police during a landmark 1965 march in Selma, Alabama, to become a towering figure of the civil rights movement and a longtime US congressman...died after a six-month battle with cancer. He was 80." He died on July 17th, 2020. Note from the author: This article was originally written in 2017, updated in 2020, and updated again in 2022. The new 2022 update is at the beginning of this article and focuses on Lewis’ legacy.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/amelia</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677705139588-QYCFZM4LSQK889HJN37G/Amelia+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 17th, 2023 - Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson (1911-2015) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Note from the author: This article is comprised of quotes from many different articles in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the life and legacy of Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson's fight for African-American suffrage. All sources are linked in green throughout the article. Today, we honor Amelia Platts Boynton Robinson, who "was a civil rights pioneer who championed voting rights for African Americans." “Born when slavery and the Civil War were still in living memory, Mrs. Boynton Robinson became a voting rights activist in the 1930s and was a friend of Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks and other civil rights leaders in the 1950s and 1960s. She lived long enough to attend President Obama’s State of the Union address in January [2015] and to accompany the president across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in March, [2015] commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Selma march that almost claimed her life.”</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/childrenscrusade</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677705008385-DSA6GRL8I9710862QHMZ/The+Children_s+Crusade+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 16th, 2023- The Children’s Crusade (May 2, 1963 - May 5, 1963) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we honor the Children’s Crusade. which was the successful effort to desegregate Birmingham, Alabama. Led by thousands of children, underneath the leadership of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and its leaders, Martin Luther King Jr, Rev. James Bevel, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, and Dorothy Cotton, this movement to protest racial violence and segregation galvanized the Civil Rights Movement.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/fannielouhamer</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677704852685-F1YFCIW3NQRDBA8IT6EH/Fannie+Lou+Hamer+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 15th, 2023- Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we honor Fannie Lou Hamer, a seminal figure in the fight for African American voting rights and political power in the 1960's. Hamer "was a civil rights activist whose passionate depiction of her own suffering in a racist society helped focus attention on the plight of African-Americans throughout the South." “During the course of her activist career, Hamer was threatened, arrested, beaten, and shot at. But none of these things ever deterred her from her work." Although Fannie Lou Hamer came from a poor background and wasn't highly educated, she was a fierce advocate who was able to galvanize, mobilize, and inspire a movement.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/ellabaker</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677704702377-QOP5M479Y5NS4RJ8Y3Z4/Ella+Baker+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 14th, 2023 - Ella Baker (1903-1986) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 14th, 2023, we honor Ella Baker, one of the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. "Born in Norfolk, Virginia, on 13 December 1903, Baker was raised on the same land her grandparents had worked as slaves. Baker’s childhood was marked early on by the activist spirit of her mother, a member of the local missionary association, who called on women to act as agents of social change in their communities. [Ella Baker's] political activism began in Harlem in the 1930s. She worked with the cooperative movement during the Great Depression; supported the campaign against Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia; and opposed the racist conviction of the famed Scottsboro boys. Baker was a field secretary and director of branches for the N.A.A.C.P. in the 1940s, and she traveled throughout the Jim Crow South, organizing against discrimination and recruiting people to the Civil Rights Movement. She worked alongside King and others in the Southern Christian Leadership Council in the 1950s and was a mentor to the young activists who founded the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee in 1960. S.N.C.C. went on to lead the 'Freedom Rides,' in which participants risked life and limb to desegregate interstate transportation, and then to organize 'Freedom Summer,' a massive voter registration drive targeting disenfranchised black southern voters. In addition to continuing her involvement as an advisor to SNCC, Baker served as a consultant to the Southern Conference Education Fund throughout the mid-1960s and helped organize the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. She returned to New York in the late 1960s and remained active in the civil rights struggle until her death in 1986." (Ransby, B., 2020)</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/walker2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677704328814-BB2YQ85ZAHJ2RGGMVC6R/Maggie+Walker+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 13th, 2023 - Maggie Lena Walker (1864 – 1934) (2020 Edition) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we honor Maggie Lena Walker. Maggie organized pre-registration meetings in in 1920 in Richmond, Virginia after the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Those meetings led to a huge voter registration drive for African American women and resulted in the highest rate of African American women registered to vote in Richmond that year. Not only did Maggie lead this voter registration movement, fighting against discrimination and racism in the voter registration process for Black women. In 1921, Maggie became the first and only African American woman to run on a gubernatorial ticket in Richmond. While Maggie is best remembered for founding the Saint Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia, she also founded or was an active member of organizations which supported women’s suffrage. This article was written in 2020 specifically for the Centennial Anniversary of the 19th Amendment, and the main highlight is Maggie Lena Walker's work in organizing pre-registration meetings in 1920 in Richmond, Virginia after the ratification of the 19th Amendment. Those meetings led to a huge voter registration drive for African American women and resulted in the highest rate of African American women registered to vote in Richmond that year. Not only did Maggie lead this voter registration movement, fighting against discrimination and racism in the voter registration process for Black women. In 1921, Maggie became the first and only African American woman to run on a gubernatorial ticket in Richmond. While Maggie is best remembered for founding the Saint Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia, she also founded or was an active member of organizations which supported women’s suffrage.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/1918flu2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677703943135-BSULNCS002L8JA4L0LQ8/1918+flu+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 12th, 2023- Voting Triumphs and Struggles and Racial Violence during The 1918 Flu Epidemic and Red Summer  #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we remember the 1918 flu, and the struggles and triumphs of suffragists as well as the massacres of Black voters during that time. Author's Introduction History is important. We have all heard the saying "those who do not learn from their history are doomed to repeat it". When we look at history, we must have respect for it and learn from those mistakes. And in an era where the U.S. is banning books that teach the reality of Black and Jewish history, we have to worry about repeating history. A mentor of mine who recently passed away, in the six months I knew him, caused me to have a paradigm shift - a fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions- on my views of self care and my image of who I wanted to be. One paradigm shift he caused me to have is one I hope this article will instill in you too: it's not just about not repeating history; it's about changing so it won't occur again. We often hear the definition of insanity is repeating the same things and expecting different results; but, then why does America consistently resist change, instead embracing the same structural racism it so desperately wants to distance itself from. But it is impossible for America to heal from its generational traumas if it doesn't discuss them; if we live in denial; if we consistently do the same things, yet are somehow surprised when we have the same results. In an era where comments (comment # 6, March 23, 2021) are posted in forums that until the movie Watchmen came out, many had never heard of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre, things must change. In today's article, you will find many parallels from 100 years ago to today, from a pandemic to a war to a labor shortage and massacres of Black communities- and I will leave it up to you, reader, to decide if America is repeating the same mistakes. For America to dismantle structural racism, America has to decide to take accountability, process its trauma as a nation, and CHANGE.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/pastinsurrections2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677703640400-6YNE03M85BJR5K8RMFNV/Past+American+Insurrections+in+1868+and+1875+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 11th, 2023 - Past American Insurrections  ﻿(1867 and 1875) #VRABlackHistory, NEW 2023 Article - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we remember past American insurrections that occurred in 1867 and 1875. In a post-January 6th world, this article is especially pertinent. Deadly violence has plagued the African-American quest for racial justice since the end of the civil war. Sadly these insurrections oftentimes resulted in the destruction of Black voting power. We must recognize this true line of violent history of the past to the violent history of the present.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/1stconference2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677703485284-BTRJW9EJ9LBLXQSQA2AY/The+First+National+Conference+of+the+Colored+Women+of+America+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 10th, 2023 - The First National Conference of the Colored Women of America (August 1895)  #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we honor the First National Conference of the Colored Women of America. Yesterday, we focused on George H, White, the unsung hero who was the last of the Reconstruction Era Black Congressmen. He detailed brutal racial voter suppression that destroyed the Black vote. It would be another 91 years before another Black North Carolina Congressperson. As I teased yesterday, one of the new articles, set to premiere this weekend, will take a look at the Black massacres that occurred after the 1860's, many of which were over voting. While many more massacres occurred after 1880's, the extreme concentration of Black massacres during this time period were specifically targeted against Black men exerting their right to vote under 15th amendment. Despite the horror that article will show, I purposefully have inserted this article. just as yesterday's, to honor the wins of Black men and women during this time. The goal of the conference was to create a national organization for Black women after Black women expressed via poll responses the need for such an organization in the early 1890's.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/2022/2/13/ida-we4as</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677703382458-3K189ADTCC48IR11AY56/Ida%2BB.%2BWells-Barnett%2B2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 9th, 2023 - Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today we honor Ida B. Wells-Barnett, who was a journalist, civil rights activist, and suffragist who endlessly fought against racial and sexual discrimination. “Born a slave in 1862, Ida Bell Wells was the oldest daughter of James and Lizzie Wells. The Wells family, as well as the rest of the slaves of the Confederate states, were decreed free by the Union, about six months after Ida's birth, thanks to the Emancipation Proclamation.” “Although enslaved prior to the Civil War, her parents were able to support their seven children because her mother was a 'famous' cook and her father was a skilled carpenter." “Ida B. Wells's [sic] parents were active in the Republican Party during Reconstruction. Her father, James, was involved with the Freedman’s Aid Society and helped start Shaw University, a school for the newly freed slaves (now Rust College) and served on the first board of trustees.” "When Ida was only fourteen [though some sources say she was sixteen], a tragic epidemic of Yellow Fever swept through Holly Springs and killed her parents and youngest sibling. Emblematic of the righteousness, responsibility, and fortitude that characterized her life, she kept the family together by securing a job teaching [at only 14 years old]. She managed to continue her education by attending near-by Rust College."</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/georgewhite2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/b3b65c48-75a1-4c92-95e8-71b92e8b31ec/George+H.+White+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 8th, 2023 - George H. White (1852-1918)  #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 11th, 2022, we honor George H. White, who was a lawyer and a Republican African-American Congressman from North Carolina’s Second Congressional District (1899-1901). As we travel through history, I have been purposefully laying the groundwork all week for one of our nine new articles: the Black massacres of the 1860's- 1880's, many of which were over voting. While many more massacres occurred after 1880's, the extreme concentration of Black massacres during this time period were specifically targeted against Black men exerting their right to vote under 15th amendment. Despite the horror that article will show, I purposefully have inserted this article before it to provide a contrast: that even when everything seems hopeless, progress still finds a way to rise as a phoenix. "Facing overwhelming odds in the wake of the further disfranchisement of North Carolina blacks, he declined to run for re-election in 1900." White was part of the 56th Congress of the United States and was the last African-American member of Congress since Reconstruction, and there wouldn't be another African-American Congressperson until 28 years later in 1928. White would also be the last African-American Congressman "elected from North Carolina until the 1990s".</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/blackmassacres2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/6743e9ef-3f8a-4f6b-9a67-75750f2965d5/massacre+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 7th, 2023 - A Legacy of Disenfranchisement: Black Massacres (1860's - early 1900's) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, February 21st, 2022, we remember the Black massacres that occurred between the 1860's and early 1900's. While many more massacres occurred after and before this, the extreme concentration of Black massacres during this time period were specifically targeted against Black men exerting their right to vote under 15th amendment. In this article, I revisit the time periods already covered all month long, and reveal this brutal hidden history. When you think of the time period after the American Civil War known as "Reconstruction", what comes to mind? Is it a rampant massacres to uphold White Supremacy by suppressing the Black vote? A new report brings the number of victims of racial terror killings between 1865 and 1950 to almost 6,500. Furthermore, a 2017 study found Historic Lynchings in the U.S. South Are Linked to Lower Levels of Voter Registration Among Black People. It is up to us to learn from our history. We can not allow new voter suppression tactics to continue this legacy of disenfranchisement.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/15thamendment2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/9d3a3bb3-6215-4c2e-b190-5a7c42e97122/15th+Amendment+2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 6th, 2022 -  The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we honor the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlaws discrimination in voting rights on the basis of race, color, and previous condition of servitude; thereby advancing suffrage for African Americans (although only men could vote at that time). This was the last and most hard fought for of all the Reconstruction Congress' Constitutional Amendments to confer full citizenship upon the formerly enslaved. The intention of this amendment was to codify, permanently, the right to vote for all freed men. Immediately, the impact of this amendment proved transformative as freed men exercised the right to vote, and in coalition, elected several hundred African-Americans to office throughout the nation.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/reconstructioncongress2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/3ea3ebac-feb3-424a-b9be-c8d245ef6368/Reconstruction+Congress+of+1867_2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 4th, 2023 - The Reconstruction Congress of 1867  #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today, we honor the Reconstruction Congress of 1867, which passed several measures to promote Black enfranchisement. "Following the end of the Civil War, the United States Congress forged a plan to reconstruct the war-torn country. Three dynamic measures were passed in 1867."</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/blacksoldiers2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/ba648725-d9fc-422b-ae83-a88f90e561f9/Black+soldiers+2022.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 5th, 2023 -  Black Soldiers in the Civil War (1861-1865) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is an introductory summary page. Today we honor the Black soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, the outcome of which lead to the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/2022/2/5/purvises-clkff</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1677701279883-21NK7GIS87XKZZZFTHSM/Robert+Purvis_Harriet+Forten+Purvis_2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 3rd, 2023 - Robert Purvis (1810 - 1898) &amp;amp; Harriet Forten-Purvis (1810 - 1875) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is a summary page. Today, we honor both Robert Purvis, and his wife, Harriet Forten-Purvis. See their individual sections below to find out why! Today we honor Robert Purvis, a Black man who lost his voting rights in the early 1800’s in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On March 14, 1838, Purvis submitted a petition to fight for his and 40,000 other Black Philadelphians' voting rights in response to a new state constitutional amendment that restricted suffrage to only White men. "Despite the massive effort put into the Appeal of Forty Thousand and similar documents, the citizens of Pennsylvania ratified the new state constitution on October 9, 1838. African Americans would not regain the right to vote in Pennsylvania until the 15th Amendment was passed in 1869. Although the Appeal of Forty Thousand did not successfully move white Pennsylvanians, it represented the beginning of a massive civil rights movement targeting the institutions of slavery and discrimination. The actions of early activists like Robert Purvis set African Americans on the path to the political freedom that would be gained by the end of the 19th century." Today, we also honor Harriet Forten-Purvis, Robert's wife. "The daughter of leading African-American abolitionists James and Charlotte Forten, Harriet Forten Purvis was a powerful 19th century voice for equal rights for all—including women. Harriett Forten married Robert Purvis in 1832 and made a home for their children in Philadelphia, where both Harriett and Robert led their communities in the fight for civil rights...Because women were not permitted to join the American Anti-Slavery Society, Harriett joined with more than a dozen other women, including suffragist and abolitionist Lucretia Mott, to establish the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society...Harriett and nine others initiated a boycott of non-free (slave labor) products, including cotton and produce. She lectured on civil rights and in a speech to the Society on September 13, 1866, denounced segregation on railroad cars. Her role within the Society gave her the opportunity to associate with anti-slavery leaders from outside Philadelphia, such as the well-known African-American lecturer Sarah Parker Remond...Together with her sister Margaretta, who was also an educator and abolitionist, Harriet became one of the lead organizers of the fifth annual National Woman’s Rights Convention...Immediately following the Civil War, a number of African Americans, white abolitionists and suffragists joined together to work for universal suffrage. In 1866, they formed the American Equal Rights Association (AERA). Harriet joined other active members, including Sarah Remond and Sojourner Truth in public advocacy of voting rights for African Americans and women. Harriet's sisters, daughter, and grandchildren were also active in fighting for civil rights and the vote, as well as nieces of the families.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/princehall2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-02</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/20730191-2748-40d2-976f-ff7754610a79/Prince%2BHall2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 1st, 2023 - Prince Hall (1735-1807) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/vrablackhistory-2023/2022/2/2/paulcuffe2023</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2023-03-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/d3742a11-8363-4a20-96b6-adfb5ecbf5e9/Paul+Cuffe_+Sr.+pic2023.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>VRABlackHistory 2023 - February 2nd, 2023 - Paul Cuffe Sr. (1759-1817) #VRABlackHistory - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This article is written by Caitlyn Cobb. All the sources are linked throughout the article with a full reference list at the end of the full article which can be read by clicking the button at the bottom of the page). This is a summary page. Today we honor Paul Cuffe Sr, who, by way of petitions, civil disobedience, and working within the system, helped pave the way for Black (and Native American) men in Massachusetts to be able to vote. It was during the Revolution Era, when Cuffe was in his 20’s, that he began his life of activism.  “In 1780, both local and state legislation levied heavy taxes against land owned by African Americans, including Cuffe's family farm on Cuttyhunk.” He petitioned the government to either give Blacks and Native Americans the right to vote or cease to tax them, throwing the new America’s own logic back at them: “if England had no right to tax the colonies without representation, what right did America have to tax citizens who were not allowed to vote?” His petition was simple, but powerful.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/home</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1466031271169-49TK1FK1PLSDS4RQOSBI/Selma+to+Montgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588606793472-LHLZ3T3OUPFCKRM8BXC7/image-from-rawpixel-id-845974-jpeg.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588606816899-9O8W4MXZDFFZ9XBACHNM/TeleTownHallMay04.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION - "The&amp;nbsp;Fight for&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;Vote 2020! Our&amp;nbsp;March to&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;Ballot Box"</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Transformative Justice Coalition &amp; the Voting Rights Alliance present: "The Fight for the Vote 2020! Our March to the Ballot Box" A Facebook Live Teletown Hall Monday, May 4th 2020 8:00 PM - 9:30 PM EDT</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588606902705-SZR1Z4T8UQPSAR1Z1RE7/May_1_Twitter_storm2V2+%282.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588606964799-CUA0JMIFS4YGUK04TFT8/RPSA-FIN3_Moment+%281%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1568225881422-YSLSIZUZI1XY9HBMV5LJ/70196668_2441199642829648_1989255918943993856_n.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1536781035022-CV9JDK56ZNIVYTBYBF6M/Voting-Booth.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1536780941248-RFBW9YZ32EB4T06DFANY/Insert.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1517935593128-4VRSR1O1RAQNL6CU53QY/Interactive+Calendar+pic.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1504625985998-QFNPC5M2C19EM5C18A1Q/Voting+Rights+Month+graphic.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>IT'S TIME FOR ACTION</image:title>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/congressional-briefing</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2016-06-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1466040077479-83Z606NK7H3IWO8CCBWL/panel2.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Congressional Briefing</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/election-protection-nov2016</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2016-11-06</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1466031271169-49TK1FK1PLSDS4RQOSBI/Selma+to+Montgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>ELECTION COMMAND CENTER 2016</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1478470257550-BUVKLZU0Z1EY9CTW5754/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>ELECTION COMMAND CENTER 2016</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/eicwatch</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2017-11-06</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1509686571889-ZDO4R4M2Z15AU9J95BU2/Election+Integrity+Commission+WATCH-+resized.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>"Election Integrity" Commission Watch</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1504564266238-BZ5FFQH9B8KKVY2H1RNW/Marc+Veasey-HR3029+slideshow+pic.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>"Election Integrity" Commission Watch</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1504564266113-QE3XN9XH06ZB1YPHP0TW/Booker-+slideshow+pic.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>"Election Integrity" Commission Watch</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1504564267295-DYZDX6T872NS4H50FOZQ/Schumer-HR3029+slideshow+pic.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>"Election Integrity" Commission Watch</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1509985859473-AU8TJC78IHZFGQAKE7US/coverv.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>"Election Integrity" Commission Watch</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Kobach suppression agenda: Only 531 of 6,648 Colorado voters who unregistered since June have come back on rolls Read more www.coloradoindependent.com</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/why-we-fight</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2016-12-02</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/pastevents</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2017-11-20</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
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      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
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    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1489514461378-CXMVAU7EUK2JLWXS0AKS/Shirley+Anita+St.+Hill+Chisholm+picture.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1489514442352-BFK3Q2FJ31GRZVF5CPJ4/Jesse+Jackson+picture.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1489514458455-TCFNTMF4HDO2OR4KAUNQ/rise+of+modern+voter+suppression+picture.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1489514405672-BAL3S2K0HWPHDFJZQATF/Congressman+Marc+Veasey+Picture+-+Copy.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1489514404096-YW3FWB3EBO8JHM4HVSK8/Congressman+John+Lewis+picture.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1489514416675-VTP80H6TD945LQDVWEGK/Interactive+Calendar+pic.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1489512281189-NIA8PKSSFGX8CT44I58H/image-asset.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Past Events</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/congressional-briefing-on-voter-suppression-and-election-defense</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2016-12-03</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1480738402599-3MTGZRY1UD50UG6OO8F5/2016_0429voters2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFING ON VOTER SUPPRESSION AND ELECTION DEFENSE</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1480738451838-4M3UEK1OBNDKM3Z58MEP/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFING ON VOTER SUPPRESSION AND ELECTION DEFENSE</image:title>
      <image:caption>April 21, 2016 Congressional hearing on Voter Suppression and Election Manipulation</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/voting-rights-caucus-press-conference</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2016-12-03</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1480740064034-DOPOLEEO12R38YM86LES/VRA.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>VOTING RIGHTS CAUCUS PRESS CONFERENCE</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1480739587155-VOORAG8UVI77OJEBN9LP/image-asset.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>VOTING RIGHTS CAUCUS PRESS CONFERENCE</image:title>
      <image:caption>June 23 voting rights press conference; Rep. Veasey, (D-Texas), Rep. Sewell, (D- Alabama) Rev. Jesse Jackson, Rainbow -- PUSH, Rev. Lennox Yearwood, Hip Hop Caucus, Barbara Arnwine, chair of the Voting Rights Alliance, Terry O'Neill, National Organization For Women and Rep. Charles Rangel (D-New York). (Photo: Ben Ptashnik)</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/forms-of-voter-suppression</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-26</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1538680311999-YPF48I49JG6WYI13OLWO/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Forms of Voter Suppression</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/voter-complaint-form-2018</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2018-11-06</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1541515753965-LUYE4LO4LJQGST0Y6P19/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Voter Complaint Form 2018</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1541515576315-AOC68LPQD21A4IAN8E8A/command+center+2018+graphic+v3.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Voter Complaint Form 2018</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/algenzmvm</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-10-07</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1570483087591-NWA5GNKVRJ1K339L6E0K/millenials_52.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Alabama NAACP &amp; Transformative Justice Coalition AL Gen Z &amp; Millennial Votes Matter Training Sign Up</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/ourmarchtovote</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-08-02</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1583520348177-02N0EHKUMDVCK4B60JP0/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 National Summit "Protecting America's Vote: Our March to the Ballot Box"</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1596146333160-MHDFA7GI7WZLBBC1WDLD/virtual+summit.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>2020 National Summit "Protecting America's Vote: Our March to the Ballot Box"</image:title>
      <image:caption>Register Now: OurMarchToVote.Eventbrite.com</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/resources</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-04-24</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1587731243433-M7QDGPSZNCB16FFCKO5Y/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Resources for Voters</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/mothersday</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-05-04</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588607603039-XK10KQ04UZTIGPQXVOY3/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Mother's Day Voter Registration Week</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588608330027-YVZ2IF3ON7T9NFZGREB6/TeleTownHallMay04.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Mother's Day Voter Registration Week</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/apply2022</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2022-09-13</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1570483087591-NWA5GNKVRJ1K339L6E0K/millenials_52.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>September 2022 Gen Z and Millennial Votes Matter Training Application</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/da1ad856-cd91-4d1d-8f4d-6fa2a4e846b9/TJC+GenZ-Millennial+Flyer+-+Final.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>September 2022 Gen Z and Millennial Votes Matter Training Application</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/black-history-month</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-30</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588607603039-XK10KQ04UZTIGPQXVOY3/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Black History Month</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/video-vault</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-07-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588607603039-XK10KQ04UZTIGPQXVOY3/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Video Vault</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/resources-for-voters-1</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-30</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1588607603039-XK10KQ04UZTIGPQXVOY3/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Resources for Voters</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/training</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-08-11</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1570483087591-NWA5GNKVRJ1K339L6E0K/millenials_52.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>September Gen Z and Millennial Votes Matter Training Application</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1597162721044-3QKWEEHWA7A9661LLI1D/IMG_9375%2B%25281%2529.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>September Gen Z and Millennial Votes Matter Training Application</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/goodtroublemarch</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-25</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1601074229481-YLCVXOY4OEJLNFWARARH/58380%2B%25282%2529.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>John Lewis Good Trouble Marches</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1601074344909-UF3GMKFTNLBQSFGU0YWD/120186677_789970151827754_1724665321533413765_n.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>John Lewis Good Trouble Marches - THE JOHN LEWIS GOOD TROUBLE VOTER AWARENESS MARCHES</image:title>
      <image:caption>Conceptualized by Transformative Justice Coalition Board Chair, Vice President, and General Counsel, Attorney Daryl D. Jones, these marches are one of the Transformative Justice Coalition's key strategies to galvanizing voters to participate in early voting by personally returning their absentee/vote-by-mail ballots for depositing in drop boxes or with election boards; for voters to vote in-person; and, for others to register to vote prior to their state's voter registration deadlines. Already, these marches are helping to expose and resolve obstacles to voting for African American communities and all voters.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/calendar</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2020-09-25</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/welcome-1</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1583520348177-02N0EHKUMDVCK4B60JP0/Selma%2Bto%2BMontgomery.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Welcome (Copy)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/volunteerforga-1</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1606344109368-ZJEZ63ILJJ6332NWE7M8/TJC%2BTPA%2BGA%2BVOLUNTEER%2BPOSTER-01%2B%25281%2529.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Volunteer for GA (Copy)</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1606346876978-S47HJ665HWBXR5COE09F/TJC+TPA+GA+VOLUNTEER+POSTER-01+%281%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Volunteer for GA (Copy) - Georgia Equity Runoff Campaign</image:title>
      <image:caption>Shockingly, despite the criticality of this election, to the future direction of the U.S. Senate, there remain millions of Georgians who are clueless not only that there is an election but that they are eligible to participate in the election. Exacerbating this already troubling scenario is a new campaign of purposeful disinformation, some new voter suppression proposals aimed at voter registration by the Georgia Board of Elections, and racist appeals. Every person in the United States can directly assist in ensuring that Georgia's voters are aware of and educated about the upcoming Senate runoff race; informed how unregistered voters can register to vote by Georgia's deadline of December 7th; informed how to apply to receive their absentee ballot; to safely assist those who choose to vote in-person beginning on the first day of in-person early voting starting December 14th; and, to urge to all Georgia voters to cast their ballot by the last day to vote on January 5th. To help accomplish these goals, TJC and the Peoples' Agenda, and Partners, are seeking volunteers from throughout the nation to help and assist in several campaigns. TJC is working with its over 100+ partner organizations in a Georgia Runoff Equity Campaign. Currently, TJC has several components of its Campaign to address needs that have been identified by our chief Georgia partner, The Georgia Coalition for the Peoples' Agenda. including organizing special voter outreach and Get Out The Vote events, postcard writing, phone banking, clergy to the polls, PPE provision, voter registration, absentee ballot assistance, youth engagement, December 14th John Lewis Marches, public education, and much more.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/new-page-4-1</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-29</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1606345076088-A3R9RKG8MCA0CE1O7B2M/Screenshot%2B%25285%2529.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Teletown Hall (Copy)</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/new-page-1-1</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-29</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/press-1</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-03-30</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/my-8-endorsement-form</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-04-07</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1617164242127-OQNYNTA467RMVF94HM2W/This-Light-of-Ours3-e1519440605553.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>May 8 endorsement form</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/volunteer-with-vra</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-04-01</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1617164481421-NTNJZJJQF1GN0EOMK2V3/This-Light-of-Ours3-e1519440605553.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Volunteer with VRA</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/social-media-toolkit</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-04-07</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1617815570355-7GIHE93XEKALSIZW4HUY/tjc.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Social Media Toolkit</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/all-about-may-8-2021</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-05-03</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1619448740542-9XGMK224RWKARJ2IB0WJ/thumbnail_IMG_3830.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All About the May 8th Mobilization</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1618781827550-OCK0OXVW0KFE7NWDRYG1/Pamphlet+DISTRIBUTION+May+8+Action+Day+Executive+Summary.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All About the May 8th Mobilization</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5761d5cb414fb55c5ea1d412/1618781891221-D8JQ88EEL5B2UODUK217/Pamphlet+DISTRIBUTION+May+8+Action+Day+Executive+Summary.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>All About the May 8th Mobilization</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.votingrightsalliance.com/apply-to-join</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2021-09-10</lastmod>
  </url>
</urlset>

